🌿🦠 Comprehensive Answer Set for Chapter 10 – Nutrition [ Nutrition in General ] | ICSE Class 9 🌿🦠

🔍 Explore a detailed and structured answer set on Nutrition [Nutrition in General] for ICSE Class 9. Includes define and differentiate, multiple-choice, very short, short, and long answer questions for thorough exam preparation. 🌿🦠

🌿 Define and Differentiate

1. 🌱 Malnutrition:
   Malnutrition refers to a condition that occurs when a person’s diet lacks essential nutrients or contains excessive nutrients, resulting in health problems. It includes both undernutrition (lack of nutrients) and overnutrition (excessive intake of nutrients).
2. 🍞 Categorization of Nutrients:
   • Carbohydrates: Cellulose, Starch, Glycogen, Cane-sugar.
   • Proteins: Egg albumen, Milk, Pea.
3. 🔥 Caloric Requirements:
   • An Adult Physical Labourer: Requires about 3000-3500 calories per day due to intensive physical work.
   • A Teenager: Needs about 2200-2800 calories daily for proper growth and energy.
   • A Pregnant Woman: Requires around 2500-2700 calories to support the baby’s development and the mother’s health.

🌿 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

1. 🌿 Correct Pair of Simple Sugars:
   ✅ Fructose and Glucose – Both are monosaccharides (simple sugars).
2. 🥔 Correct Nutrient and Source:
   ✅ Potassium – Banana – Bananas are rich in potassium, vital for muscle and nerve function.
3. 🦴 Cause of Marasmus:
   ✅ Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins – A deficiency of these nutrients leads to Marasmus.
4. 💊 Fat-Soluble Vitamins:
   ✅ A, D, and E – These vitamins are soluble in fats and essential for various body functions.
5. 🥕 Best Source of Vitamin A:
   ✅ Carrot – Rich in beta-carotene, converted into vitamin A in the body.
6. 🍊 Ascorbic Acid is Vitamin:
   ✅ Vitamin C – Essential for immune function and tissue repair.
7. 🌽 Component Aiding Digestion:
   ✅ Roughage – Aids in bowel movement and digestion.
8. 🍇 Grape Sugar:
   ✅ Glucose – Also known as grape sugar, it’s a primary energy source.
9. 🍞 Two Molecules of Glucose Form:
   ✅ Maltose – A disaccharide formed from two glucose units.
10. ❌ Disease from Thiamine Deficiency:
    ✅ Beri beri – Caused due to vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency.

🌿 Very Short Answer Type Questions

1. ✅ True or False Statements:
   • (a) True – Cellulose is indigestible in humans.
   • (b) False – Kwashiorkor is due to protein deficiency, not vitamin deficiency.
   • (c) False – Iron is needed for hemoglobin synthesis; iodine is needed for thyroid.
   • (d) False – Antibiotics are not food.
   • (e) True – Mineral salts regulate bodily processes.
2. 💎 Mineral Elements:
   • (i) Calcium – For strong teeth and bones.
   • (ii) Iodine – For proper thyroid function.
   • (iii) Iron – For synthesis of hemoglobin.
   • (iv) Phosphorus – For ATP production.
   • (v) Sodium – For cell permeability and nerve function.
3. 🌿 Nutrient Deficiencies and Diseases:
   • Pernicious anemia – Vitamin B12 deficiency.
   • Pellagra – Vitamin B3 (niacin) deficiency.
   • Night blindness – Vitamin A deficiency.
   • Goiter – Iodine deficiency.
   • Kwashiorkor – Protein deficiency.
4. ⚖️ Odd One Out and Category:
   • Xerophthalmia (others are malnutrition diseases; this is a vitamin A deficiency).
   • Iodine (others are vitamins; iodine is a mineral).
   • Lactose (others are monosaccharides; lactose is a disaccharide).
   • Fructose (others are polysaccharides; fructose is a monosaccharide).
   • Iron (others are major minerals; iron is a trace mineral).
5. 🔗 Matching Terms:

Column A	Column B
Tocopherol	Vitamin E
Phylloquinone	Vitamin K
Retinol	Vitamin A
Ascorbic acid	Vitamin C
Calciferol	Vitamin D

6. 🌾 Diseases Caused by Deficiencies:
   • (a) Vitamin A – Night blindness, Xerophthalmia.
   • (b) Vitamin D – Rickets, Osteomalacia.
   • (c) Vitamin B3 – Pellagra, dermatitis.
   • (d) Iodine – Goiter, mental retardation.
   • (e) Protein – Kwashiorkor, Marasmus.
7. 🕵️ Deficiency Diseases from Clues:
   • (a) Vitamin K deficiency.
   • (b) Goiter (iodine deficiency).
   • (c) Protein-energy malnutrition (Marasmus).
   • (d) Night blindness (vitamin A deficiency).
   • (e) Xerophthalmia (vitamin A deficiency).
8. 🧩 Complete the Following:
   • (a) Galactose → Lactose.
   • (b) Maltose.
   • (c) Glucose → Sucrose.
   • (d) Starch.
   • (e) Protein.

🌿 Short Answer Type Questions

1. 🌱 Definitions:
   • (a) Balanced diet – A diet with the right proportion of nutrients.
   • (b) Malnutrition – Lack or excess of nutrients causing health problems.
   • (c) Food – Any substance consumed for nutrition.
   • (d) Nutrients – Substances that provide nourishment.
   • (e) Kwashiorkor – A disease caused by protein deficiency.
2. 🍞 Examples and Usefulness:
   • (a) Monosaccharides – Glucose (quick energy), Fructose (sweetener).
   • (b) Disaccharides – Sucrose (table sugar), Lactose (milk sugar).
   • (c) Polysaccharides – Starch (energy source), Cellulose (aids digestion).
3. 🥗 Role of Food Components:
   • (a) Cellulose – Helps in bowel movement.
   • (b) Fat – Provides energy and stores vitamins.
   • (c) Proteins – Build and repair body tissues.
   • (d) Calcium – Strengthens bones and teeth.
   • (e) Phosphorus – Energy production and bone health.
4. 🥛 Milk for Bone Health:
   Milk is rich in calcium and vitamin D, essential for strong bones and preventing osteoporosis.

🌿 Long Answer Type Questions

1. ⚖️ Distinguish between the following pairs on the basis of the words indicated in the brackets:

(a) Monosaccharides:

• They are the simplest form of carbohydrates, consisting of a single sugar unit.
• Common examples include glucose, fructose, and galactose.
• They generally contain 3 to 7 carbon atoms. For instance, glucose has 6 carbon atoms.
• They are easily absorbed by the body and provide immediate energy.
• Monosaccharides have the molecular formula C₆H₁₂O₆.
• Disaccharides:

• These are carbohydrates composed of two monosaccharide units linked by a glycosidic bond.
• Examples include sucrose (glucose + fructose

• They typically contain 12 carbon atoms in total.
• Disaccharides need to be broken down into monosaccharides during digestion for absorption.
• Their molecular formula is generally C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁.

(b) Kwashiorkor and Marasmus (Age)

• Kwashiorkor:

• It is a protein-deficiency disease commonly observed in children aged 1-5 years, especially after weaning.
• Characterized by edema (swelling), a distended abdomen, flaky skin, and stunted growth.
• The diet is high in carbohydrates but severely deficient in proteins.
• Marasmus:

• It occurs in infants and young children below the age of 1 year due to severe deficiency of calories and proteins.
• Characterized by extreme thinness, wrinkled skin, weak muscles, and prominent ribs.
• The body appears emaciated due to the loss of fat and muscle tissues.

(c) Tocopherol and Pantothenic Acid (Solubility)

• Tocopherol (Vitamin E):

• It is a fat-soluble vitamin.
• Stored in the body’s fatty tissues and liver.
• Essential for maintaining healthy skin, immune function, and reproductive health.
• Pantothenic Acid (Vitamin B5):

• It is a water-soluble vitamin.
• Not stored in the body, hence, regular intake is necessary.
• Crucial for energy metabolism and the synthesis of coenzyme A.

(d) Malnutrition and Undernutrition (Definition)

• Malnutrition:

• It refers to an imbalance in nutrient intake, which could be due to excess, deficit, or improper nutrient consumption.
• It includes both undernutrition (deficiency) and overnutrition (excess).
• Leads to various health issues such as obesity, stunted growth, and nutrient-deficiency diseases.
• Undernutrition:

• It specifically refers to insufficient intake of nutrients, resulting in deficiencies.
• Common signs include weight loss, fatigue, and poor immunity.
• Conditions like marasmus and kwashiorkor are examples of undernutrition.

(e) Iron and Iodine (Deficiency Diseases)

• Iron:

• Essential for the formation of hemoglobin in red blood cells.
• Deficiency leads to anemia, characterized by fatigue, weakness, and pale skin.
• Iodine:

• Crucial for the proper functioning of the thyroid gland.
• Deficiency results in goiter, causing swelling in the neck and metabolic disorders.

2. 🌿 Six Main Purposes for Which Food is Required by the Body

1. Energy Supply:

1. Food provides energy required for all bodily activities like walking, running, and even resting.
2. Carbohydrates and fats are the main sources of energy.
3. Body Growth and Repair:

2. Proteins from food are essential for building new tissues and repairing damaged cells.
3. Essential during periods of growth, like childhood and adolescence.
4. Maintenance of Body Functions:

3. Nutrients regulate vital processes like breathing, heartbeat, and digestion.
4. Vitamins and minerals ensure smooth metabolic functioning.
5. Protection Against Diseases:

4. Certain nutrients like vitamins C and E boost immunity and help the body fight infections.
5. Minerals like zinc and iron also strengthen the immune system.
6. Regulation of Body Processes:
7. Nutrients like water, roughage, and minerals help regulate digestion, circulation, and excretion.
8. Storage of Energy:
9. Excess food, especially fats, is stored in the body for future energy needs.

3. 🥩 Why Are Proteins Necessary in Our Food?

1. Body Growth and Development:

1. Proteins are the building blocks of cells and tissues.
2. Essential for the growth of muscles, skin, hair, and internal organs.
3. Repair and Maintenance:

2. Help in the repair of damaged tissues and the maintenance of healthy body cells.
3. Crucial during injury or recovery from illnesses.
4. Enzyme and Hormone Production:

3. Many enzymes and hormones are made up of proteins.
4. These regulate body processes like digestion, metabolism, and growth.
5. Immunity Boost:

4. Proteins contribute to the formation of antibodies that fight infections.
5. They play a crucial role in maintaining immune health.
6. Energy Source:
7. Although not the primary source, proteins can provide energy when carbohydrates and fats are insufficient.
8. Transport and Storage:
9. Certain proteins help in transporting nutrients and oxygen throughout the body.

4. 🌾 Importance of Roughage in Diet with Examples

1. Improves Digestion:

1. Roughage, or dietary fiber, adds bulk to the stool, promoting easy bowel movements.
2. Whole grain atta and green leafy vegetables are rich in fiber.
3. Prevents Constipation:

2. By aiding in the smooth movement of food through the intestines, roughage prevents constipation.
3. Fruits like apples and bananas are excellent sources.
4. Maintains Healthy Weight:

3. High-fiber foods keep one feeling full longer, reducing overeating.
4. Whole grain products and vegetables assist in weight management.
5. Regulates Blood Sugar Levels:

4. Fiber slows the absorption of sugar, helping to regulate blood sugar levels.
5. Useful for people with diabetes.
6. Lowers Cholesterol Levels:
7. Soluble fiber found in fruits helps lower bad cholesterol levels.
8. Reduces Risk of Diseases:
9. A fiber-rich diet lowers the risk of digestive disorders and colon cancer.