Chapter 3: Genetics – Some Basic  Essential Fundamentals & Key Concepts | Class 10 Biology Question set 🚀🔬

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Chapter 3: Genetics – Some Basic  Essential Fundamentals & Key Concepts | Class 10 Biology Answer set 🚀🔬

Chapter 3: Genetics – Some Basic  Essential Fundamentals & Key Concepts | Class 10 Biology Question set 🚀🔬

Check 1

Question 1: True or False
(i) Are genetics and heredity identical concepts?
(ii) Does the phrase “Like begets like” apply exclusively to animals?
(iii) Do all humans exhibit variations?

Question 2: Genetic Traits in Humans
Identify which of the following characteristics in humans are inherited genetically (mark the correct ones):
(i) Ability to become a skilled cricketer
(ii) Presence of curly hair
(iii) Left-handedness
(iv) Quality of voice
(v) Red-green color blindness

Check 2

Question 1: Chromosome Count
(i) How many pairs of chromosomes are present in each human body cell?
(ii) What is the number of autosomal chromosome pairs in a single human cell?

Question 2: Only Daughters – Explanation
A couple has four consecutive daughters but no sons. Does this indicate that the husband lacks Y-bearing sperm? Justify your answer.

Check 3

Question 1: Unit of Heredity
What is the fundamental unit of heredity?

Question 2: Define the Following
(i) Allele
(ii) Dominant gene
(iii) Genotype
(iv) Phenotype
(v) Recessive gene

Question 3: Homologous Chromosomes Count
State the number of homologous chromosome pairs in:
(i) A human female
(ii) A human male

Question 4: Heterozygous Recessive
Is it possible to have a heterozygous recessive genotype? Explain.

Question 5: Observable Traits in Humans
Mention four human traits that can be easily studied by observation and family charting.

Check 4

Question 1: Genetics Discovery
Who was the first to establish the fundamental principles of genetics?

Question 2: Mendel’s Study Organism
Provide the common and scientific names of the plant studied by Gregor Mendel.

Question 3: Differentiate Between the Following
(i) Monohybrid vs. Dihybrid cross
(ii) Genotype vs. Phenotype
(iii) Character vs. Trait
(iv) Dominant vs. Recessive allele
(v) Autosomes vs. Sex chromosomes

Question 4: Characteristics of Pea Pod
List two traits of a pea pod along with their alternate forms.

Multiple-Choice Questions

1. What is the phenotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross in the F₂ generation?
   a) 3:1
   b) 1:2:1
   c) 2:2
   d) 1:3
2. Crossing a pure tall plant with a pure dwarf plant results in offspring that are:
   a) All tall
   b) All dwarf
   c) 3 tall, 1 dwarf
   d) 50% tall, 50% dwarf
3. The 9:3:3:1 dihybrid ratio arises due to:
   a) Segregation
   b) Crossing over
   c) Independent assortment
   d) Homologous pairing
4. A plant with genotype Ggss (green pods, smooth seeds) will produce the following gametes:
   a) Gg and Ss
   b) Gs and ss
   c) Gs and gs
   d) Gg and gs
5. Color blindness is classified as:
   a) A recessive X-linked disorder
   b) A dominant Y-linked disorder
   c) A recessive Y-linked disorder
   d) A dominant X-linked disorder
6. The observable expression of a trait is known as:
   a) Genotype
   b) Alleles
   c) Phenotype
   d) Traits
7. The idea of “gamete purity” is linked to: :
   a) Law of dominance
   b) Law of independent assortment
   c) Law of segregation
   d) Law of limiting factor
8. The phenotypic ratio of a dihybrid cross in the F₂ generation is:
   a) 9:3:1:1
   b) 9:1:3:1
   c) 9:1:3:3
   d) 9:3:3:1
9. In human males, a sperm carries autosomes along with:
   a) X and Y chromosomes
   b) Only the X chromosome
   c) Either X or Y chromosome
   d) Only the Y chromosome
10. If a normal mother has children with a hemophilic father, their daughters will be:
    a) Normal
    b) Hemophilic
    c) Carriers
    d) None

Very Short Answer Questions

1. Match Pair the following terms with their corresponding definitions::

Column I (Term)	Column II (Definition)
a) Genetics	(i) Study of inheritance patterns
b) Autosomes	(ii) Chromosomes that are not sex-linked
c) Recessive gene	(iii) A gene expressed only in the absence of a dominant allele
d) Allele	(iv) Different forms of a gene
e) Homologous chromosomes	(v) Chromosomes similar in size and structure

2. Name two genetic disorders found in humans.
3. Identify which of the following genotypes represent homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive for tongue rolling: Rr, rr, RR.

Short Answer Questions

1. Correct the following statements by modifying the first or last word:
   a) Duplicated chromosomes remain connected at a structure called the centrosome.
   b) The complete set of DNA in an organism is termed as genetics.
   c) A characteristic that can be passed from one generation to another is known as heredity..
   d) Terminal flower position is a dominant trait in pea plants.
   e) Different versions of a gene are referred to as traits.
2. Lions, tigers, and domestic cats all have 38 chromosomes, yet they appear different. Why?
3. List three features of the garden pea plant along with their dominant and recessive traits.
4. Explain why color blindness is more common in males than in females.

Descriptive Questions

1. Define the following terms:
   a) Pedigree chart
   b) Variation
   c) Mutation
2. State and explain the three Mendelian laws of inheritance.
3. Does the father determine the sex of the child, or is it a random occurrence? Discuss.
4. Differentiate between the following:
   a) Karyotype vs. Karyokinesis
   b) Autosomes vs. Sex chromosomes
   c) Homozygous vs. Heterozygous chromosomes

Structured/Application-Based Questions

1. In a species where black fur (B) is dominant over brown fur (b), predict the offspring’s genotype and phenotype when both parents have heterozygous black fur (Bb).
2. Consider two rabbit pairs (A and B) bred as follows:
   a) Determine which coat color (black or white) is dominant.
   b) Is coat color inheritance sex-linked?
3. Create a Punnett square to determine the genotypic and phenotypic ratios for:
   a) A cross between a pure tall (TT) and a pure dwarf (tt) pea plant.
   b) A cross between red (RR) and white (rr) flower varieties of pea plants.

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