ICSE Class 9 Selina Biology: Introducing Biology

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ICSE Class 9 Selina Biology solution English & Hindi version: Introducing Biology

Biology, the science of life, is an awe-inspiring field that unravels the mysteries of living organisms. From the smallest microscopic cells to the grandeur of towering trees and complex human systems, biology is a subject that ignites curiosity and wonder. As we embark on this fascinating journey, we step into a world of endless possibilities, where scientific discoveries shape our understanding of life itself.

selina biology solutions

The Magic of Life: Why Study Biology?

Biology is the key to unlocking the secrets of existence. It teaches us how living beings grow, adapt, and evolve. Imagine understanding the intricate mechanisms that allow a simple seed to transform into a massive tree or how your body fights off diseases every second. This subject not only sharpens our analytical skills but also empowers us to make informed choices about health, environment, and sustainability.

Branches of Biology: The Expansive Universe of Life Sciences

The vast realm of biology is divided into several branches, each exploring different aspects of life:

• Botany: The mesmerizing study of plants, from the delicate petals of a flower to the towering redwood trees.
• Zoology: The thrilling exploration of the animal kingdom, understanding behaviors, adaptations, and evolution.
• Microbiology: The microscopic world of bacteria, viruses, and fungi that shape our ecosystem and health.
• Genetics: The blueprint of life, where DNA dictates inheritance and defines individuality.
• Ecology: The vital study of how organisms interact with each other and their environment, influencing biodiversity and conservation.

Biology: A Double-Edged Sword

While biology has blessed humanity with groundbreaking advancements, it also reveals some unsettling truths.

Positive Impacts of Biology

• Medical Marvels: Thanks to biology, we have vaccines, antibiotics, and cutting-edge medical technologies that save lives.
• Agricultural Innovations: Genetic modifications have boosted food production, reducing hunger worldwide.
• Environmental Conservation: Understanding ecosystems allows us to protect endangered species and combat climate change.

Negative Aspects of Biology

• Genetic Manipulation Dilemmas: While gene editing holds promise, ethical concerns about cloning and designer babies persist.
• Biological Warfare Threats: The misuse of biological research in creating deadly viruses remains a global fear.
• Deforestation and Biodiversity Loss: Human interference, often fueled by scientific advancements, has led to devastating environmental consequences.

Why Biology Matters More Than Ever

In today’s world, where pandemics, climate change, and genetic engineering dominate headlines, understanding biology is not just a subject—it’s a necessity. It enables us to make informed decisions, from what we eat to how we interact with nature. As future scientists, doctors, and environmentalists, students must embrace biology with an open mind and a sense of responsibility.

Conclusion: A Subject That Shapes the Future

Biology is more than a science; it is the foundation of life itself. It fuels innovation, challenges our perspectives, and urges us to protect the delicate balance of nature. As we delve deeper into the wonders of biology, let’s remember that knowledge is power—power that can heal, sustain, and transform the world for the better.

Biology Question Bank

1. VSQ(1 mark each)

Name the following:

1. The branch of biology that deals with the study of fungi.
2. The study of fishes is called ___.
3. The branch of science that deals with insects.
4. The science of hereditary transmission of characteristics.
5. The scientist who is known as the “Father of Medicine”.
6. The branch of biology that deals with classification of organisms.
7. The study of fossils is known as ___.
8. The branch of biology that deals with the study of viruses.
9. The father of modern biology is ___.
10. The branch of biology concerned with immunity and resistance to diseases.

Fill in the blanks:

11. Study of blood and its disorders is called ___.
12. The study of living organisms in relation to their environment is ___.
13. The structural and functional unit of life is ___.
14. The scientist who discovered cells is ___.
15. The study of reptiles is called ___.
16. The silk industry depends on ___.
17. The rearing of honey bees is called ___.
18. The process of formation of gametes is called ___.
19. The smallest unit of classification is ___.
20. Study of bacteria is called ___.

Match the following:

Column A (Branches)	Column B (Studies)
Ornithology	Fungi
Virology	Fish
Mycology	Fossils
Ichthyology	Birds
Palaeontology	Viruses

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2. SQTs (2-3 marks each)

21. Define the following:

• Biology
• Botany
• Zoology
• Microbiology

22. What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
23. Give two differences between plant and animal cells.
24. Name the three domains of life according to the three-domain system.
25. What are the five kingdoms of classification?
26. What is biodiversity? Why is it important?
27. Explain the term “Binomial Nomenclature”. Who introduced it?
28. What are viruses? How are they different from bacteria?
29. Define the following terms:

• Mutation
• Evolution
• Ecology

30. What are the characteristics of living organisms?

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3. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) (1 mark each)

31. Who is considered the Father of Biology?

• a) Aristotle
• b) Darwin
• c) Mendel
• d) Linnaeus

32. The branch of biology dealing with the study of heredity is:

• a) Ecology
• b) Genetics
• c) Microbiology
• d) Evolution

33. The basic structural and functional unit of life is:

• a) Tissue
• b) Organ
• c) Cell
• d) Organism

34. The study of fungi is called:

• a) Mycology
• b) Virology
• c) Pathology
• d) Bacteriology

35. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of living organisms?

• a) Growth
• b) Reproduction
• c) Respiration
• d) Photosynthesis

36. The smallest taxonomic unit is:

• a) Phylum
• b) Class
• c) Species
• d) Family

37. Who proposed the theory of natural selection?

• a) Darwin
• b) Lamarck
• c) Mendel
• d) Aristotle

38. DNA is made up of:

• a) Proteins
• b) Nucleotides
• c) Sugars
• d) Lipids

39. Which organelle is “Powerhouse of the Cell”?

• a) Ribosome
• b) Mitochondria
• c) Nucleus
• d) Golgi apparatus

40. Functional unit of kidney:

• a) Nephron
• b) Neuron
• c) Alveolus
• d) Villus

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4. Long Questions (5 marks each)

41. Explain the structure and function of the cell membrane.
42. What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?
43. Describe the five-kingdom classification system proposed by Whittaker.
44. Explain Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection.
45. Describe the nitrogen cycle and its importance in ecosystems.
46. Explain the role of DNA in heredity and variation.
47. What is genetic engineering? Mention its applications.
48. Describe the process of photosynthesis in plants.
49. What are the major abiotic and biotic components of an ecosystem?
50. Explain the food chain and food web with suitable examples.

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5. (HOTS) Questions

51. If the mitochondria of a cell are removed, what will be its effect on the cell?
52. Why do certain bacteria survive in extreme environments?
53. How would life be affected if there were no decomposers in an ecosystem?
54. Why are antibiotics ineffective against viruses?
55. A cell is placed in a concentrated salt solution. What  happen to the cell and why?

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